{"id":3070,"date":"2024-08-16T06:02:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T06:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kmdpower.com\/?p=3070"},"modified":"2025-01-13T08:57:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:57:07","slug":"sodium-ion-battery-applications-and-advantages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kmdpower.com\/sk\/news\/sodium-ion-battery-applications-and-advantages\/","title":{"rendered":"Aplik\u00e1cie a v\u00fdhody sod\u00edkov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V r\u00fdchlo sa rozv\u00edjaj\u00facom svete skladovania energie sa sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie st\u00e1vaj\u00fa s\u013eubnou alternat\u00edvou k tradi\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00fdm a oloven\u00fdm bat\u00e9ri\u00e1m. S najnov\u0161\u00edm technologick\u00fdm pokrokom a rast\u00facim dopytom po udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch rie\u0161eniach prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie jedine\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor v\u00fdhod. Vynikaj\u00fa vynikaj\u00facim v\u00fdkonom pri extr\u00e9mnych teplot\u00e1ch, p\u00f4sobiv\u00fdmi r\u00fdchlostn\u00fdmi schopnos\u0165ami a vysok\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi normami. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok sa zaober\u00e1 vzru\u0161uj\u00facimi aplik\u00e1ciami sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie a sk\u00fama, ako by mohli nahradi\u0165 oloven\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie a \u010diasto\u010dne nahradi\u0165 l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie v \u0161pecifick\u00fdch scen\u00e1roch - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pon\u00faknu\u0165 n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvne rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n

Kamada Power<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0je\u00a0\u010c\u00edna V\u00fdrobcovia sod\u00edkov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 pon\u00faka\u00a0Sod\u00edkov\u00e9 i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie na predaj<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a012V 100Ah sod\u00edkovoi\u00f3nov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/a><\/strong>,\u00a012V 200Ah sod\u00edkovoi\u00f3nov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/a><\/strong>, podpora\u00a0prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nanobat\u00e9ria<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0nap\u00e4tie (12V, 24V, 48V), kapacita (50Ah, 100Ah, 200Ah, 300Ah), funkcia, vzh\u013ead at\u010f.<\/p>\n

1.1 Viacer\u00e9 v\u00fdhody sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V porovnan\u00ed s l\u00edtium-\u017eelezofosf\u00e1tov\u00fdmi (LFP) a tern\u00e1rnymi l\u00edtiov\u00fdmi bat\u00e9riami vykazuj\u00fa sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie zmes siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nok a oblast\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 zlep\u0161i\u0165. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee ke\u010f sa tieto bat\u00e9rie dostan\u00fa do masovej v\u00fdroby, bud\u00fa \u017eiari\u0165 n\u00e1kladov\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami v\u010faka surovin\u00e1m, vynikaj\u00facim zachovan\u00edm kapacity pri extr\u00e9mnych teplot\u00e1ch a v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdm r\u00fdchlostn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak maj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu energetick\u00fa hustotu a krat\u0161iu \u017eivotnos\u0165 cyklu, \u010do s\u00fa oblasti, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te potrebuj\u00fa zdokonalenie. Napriek t\u00fdmto probl\u00e9mom sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa oloven\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie v ka\u017edom oh\u013eade a s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 ich nahradi\u0165, ke\u010f sa v\u00fdroba roz\u0161\u00edri a n\u00e1klady klesn\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie v\u00fdkonu sod\u00edkov\u00fdch, l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00fdch a oloven\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\nSod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/th>\nBat\u00e9ria LFP<\/th>\nTern\u00e1rna l\u00edtiov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/th>\nOloven\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hustota energie<\/td>\n100-150 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n120-200 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n200-350 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n30-50 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u017divotnos\u0165 cyklu<\/td>\nViac ako 2000 cyklov<\/td>\nViac ako 3000 cyklov<\/td>\nViac ako 3000 cyklov<\/td>\n300-500 cyklov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Priemern\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie<\/td>\n2.8-3.5V<\/td>\n3-4.5V<\/td>\n3-4.5V<\/td>\n2.0V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00face<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon pri n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00face<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\nSpravodliv\u00e9<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon r\u00fdchleho nab\u00edjania<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00face<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u00edzka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tolerancia nadmern\u00e9ho vybitia<\/td>\nVyb\u00edjanie na 0 V<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1klady na suroviny (pri 200 tis. CNY za tonu uhli\u010ditanu l\u00edtneho)<\/td>\n0,3 CNY\/Wh (po splatnosti)<\/td>\n0,46 CNY\/Wh<\/td>\n0,53 CNY\/Wh<\/td>\n0,40 CNY\/Wh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1.1.1 Vynikaj\u00face zachovanie kapacity sod\u00edkovej bat\u00e9rie pri extr\u00e9mnych teplot\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie s\u00fa \u0161ampi\u00f3ni, pokia\u013e ide o extr\u00e9mne teploty, a \u00fa\u010dinne funguj\u00fa pri teplot\u00e1ch od -40 \u00b0C do 80 \u00b0C. Pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch (55 \u00b0C a 80 \u00b0C) sa vyb\u00edjaj\u00fa pri viac ako 100% svojej menovitej kapacity a pri -40 \u00b0C si st\u00e1le zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa viac ako 70% svojej menovitej kapacity. Podporuj\u00fa aj nab\u00edjanie pri -20 \u00b0C s \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou takmer 100%.<\/p>\n

Z h\u013eadiska v\u00fdkonu pri n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa sod\u00edkov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie LFP aj oloven\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie. Pri -20 \u00b0C si sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 90% svojej kapacity, zatia\u013e \u010do kapacita LFP bat\u00e9ri\u00ed klesne na 70% a oloven\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed len na 48%.<\/p>\n

Krivky vyb\u00edjania sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie (v\u013eavo) LFP bat\u00e9rie (uprostred) a oloven\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie (vpravo) pri r\u00f4znych teplot\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Krivky<\/p>\n

1.1.2 V\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v\u00fdkonu sod\u00edkovej bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

I\u00f3ny sod\u00edka sa v\u010faka men\u0161iemu Stokesovmu priemeru a ni\u017e\u0161ej solvata\u010dnej energii v pol\u00e1rnych rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1ch vyzna\u010duj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ou vodivos\u0165ou elektrolytu v porovnan\u00ed s i\u00f3nmi l\u00edtia. Stokesov priemer je mierou ve\u013ekosti gule v kvapaline, ktor\u00e1 sa usadzuje rovnakou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou ako \u010dastica; men\u0161\u00ed priemer umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed pohyb i\u00f3nov. Ni\u017e\u0161ia solvata\u010dn\u00e1 energia znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i\u00f3ny sod\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eah\u0161ie zbavi\u0165 molek\u00fal rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adla na povrchu elektr\u00f3dy, \u010do zvy\u0161uje dif\u00faziu i\u00f3nov a ur\u00fdch\u013euje kinetiku i\u00f3nov v elektrolyte.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie ve\u013ekosti rozpusten\u00fdch i\u00f3nov a solvata\u010dn\u00fdch energi\u00ed (KJ\/mol) sod\u00edka a l\u00edtia v r\u00f4znych rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Porovnanie<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkom tejto vysokej vodivosti elektrolytu je p\u00f4sobiv\u00fd r\u00fdchlostn\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria sa dok\u00e1\u017ee nabi\u0165 a\u017e do 90% len za 12 min\u00fat - r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako l\u00edtiovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 aj oloven\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie v\u00fdkonu r\u00fdchleho nab\u00edjania<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ bat\u00e9rie<\/th>\n\u010cas do nabitia na kapacitu 80%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/td>\n15 min\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tern\u00e1rne l\u00edtium<\/td>\n30 min\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bat\u00e9ria LFP<\/td>\n45 min\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oloven\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria<\/td>\n300 min\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1.1.3 Vynikaj\u00faca bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie v extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach<\/strong><\/h3>\n

L\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na tepeln\u00e9 vybitie za r\u00f4znych podmienok zneu\u017eitia, ako je mechanick\u00e9 zneu\u017eitie (napr. rozdrvenie, prepichnutie), elektrick\u00e9 zneu\u017eitie (napr. skrat, preb\u00edjanie, nadmern\u00e9 vyb\u00edjanie) a tepeln\u00e9 zneu\u017eitie (napr. prehriatie). Ak vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 teplota dosiahne kritick\u00fd bod, m\u00f4\u017ee to vyvola\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie reakcie a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 teplo, \u010do vedie k tepeln\u00e9mu \u00faniku.<\/p>\n

Na druhej strane, sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie nevykazuj\u00fa v bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch testoch rovnak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s tepeln\u00fdm \u00fanikom. Pre\u0161li hodnoteniami pre nadmern\u00e9 nab\u00edjanie\/vyb\u00edjanie, extern\u00e9 skraty, starnutie pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a testami zneu\u017eitia, ako je rozdrvenie, prepichnutie a vystavenie oh\u0148u, bez riz\u00edk spojen\u00fdch s l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00fdmi bat\u00e9riami.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdsledky<\/p>\n

2.2 Cenovo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia pre r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie, roz\u0161iruj\u00faci sa trhov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie \u017eiaria z h\u013eadiska n\u00e1kladovej efekt\u00edvnosti v r\u00f4znych aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Vo viacer\u00fdch oblastiach prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa oloven\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie, \u010d\u00edm sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa atrakt\u00edvnou n\u00e1hradou na trhoch, ako s\u00fa mal\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pre dvojkolesov\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, automobilov\u00e9 \u0161tart-stop syst\u00e9my a telekomunika\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1klad\u0148ov\u00e9 stanice. V\u010faka zlep\u0161eniu v\u00fdkonnosti cyklu a zn\u00ed\u017eeniu n\u00e1kladov prostredn\u00edctvom masovej v\u00fdroby by sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie mohli \u010diasto\u010dne nahradi\u0165 aj bat\u00e9rie LFP v elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch triedy A00 a v scen\u00e1roch skladovania energie.<\/p>\n

Aplik\u00e1cie sod\u00edkovo-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><\/p>\n