{"id":4612,"date":"2025-07-16T08:51:47","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T08:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kmdpower.com\/?p=4612"},"modified":"2025-07-16T08:55:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T08:55:07","slug":"can-sodium-ion-batteries-be-used-in-cars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kmdpower.com\/cs\/news\/can-sodium-ion-batteries-be-used-in-cars\/","title":{"rendered":"Lze sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie pou\u017e\u00edvat v automobilech?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00davod<\/h2>

12V sod\u00edkov\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor<\/a><\/strong> se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce pozornosti v oblasti skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie. Vzhledem k rostouc\u00edm cen\u00e1m, rozkol\u00edsan\u00fdm dodavatelsk\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzc\u016fm a v\u0161em t\u011bm ekologick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm spojen\u00fdm s lithium-iontov\u00fdmi bateriemi se mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f obrac\u00ed k lep\u0161\u00edm mo\u017enostem. Sodium-iontov\u00e9 baterie jsou levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v\u0161ude, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9, a je s nimi bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed manipulace - za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslibem pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v automobilech.<\/p>

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku rozeb\u00edr\u00e1me, jakou roli by mohla hr\u00e1t sod\u00edko-iontov\u00e1 baterie v automobilech. Rozeb\u00edr\u00e1me, kam se hod\u00ed, jak si stoj\u00ed z technick\u00e9ho hlediska, kdy by se mohla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it a co by m\u011bli kupuj\u00edc\u00ed B2B vz\u00edt na v\u011bdom\u00ed, pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u016fstat ve h\u0159e.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>

12V 100Ah sod\u00edkov\u00e1 baterie<\/a><\/strong><\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>

12V 200Ah sod\u00edkov\u00e1 baterie<\/a><\/strong><\/p>

Koho by m\u011bly zaj\u00edmat sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie v automobilech?<\/h2>

Kdo jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 osoby s rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed v oblasti B2B?<\/h3>

V\u00fdrobci OEM, nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrobci elektromobil\u016f, integr\u00e1to\u0159i Tier 1 a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed buduj\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 vozov\u00e9 parky, sleduj\u00ed sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se oblast elektromobil\u016f rozd\u011blila na mnoho typ\u016f, lid\u00e9 zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00edm a produktov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy p\u0159ehodnocuj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jim l\u00e9pe vyhovuj\u00ed u nov\u00fdch model\u016f.<\/p>

Kdo jsou nep\u0159\u00edmo dot\u010den\u00e9 skupiny koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f?<\/h3>

P\u0159esto\u017ee tuto technologii vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b podniky, mohou z n\u00ed m\u00edt velk\u00fd prosp\u011bch i dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 - nap\u0159\u00edklad pos\u00e1dky sd\u00edlen\u00fdch aut, provozovatel\u00e9 rozvoz\u016f, mana\u017ee\u0159i ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy a ekologicky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed \u0159idi\u010di ve m\u011bstech. \u00daspora ceny a manipulace s teplem sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f se praktick\u00fdm lidem hod\u00ed.<\/p>

Pro jak\u00e9 typy automobil\u016f jsou vhodn\u00e9 sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie?<\/h2>

Co p\u0159esn\u011b jsou lehk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vozidla (LEV) a pro\u010d se hod\u00ed?<\/h3>

Typy LEV, jako jsou e-rik\u0161i, mikromobily, voz\u00edtka pro m\u00edstn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, obytn\u00e9 vozy, sk\u00fatry nebo dokonce mal\u00e1 vozidla NEV, nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed velk\u00fd dojezd ani rychlost. Tyto vozy jezd\u00ed na kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch a sod\u00edkovo-iontov\u00e1 baterie<\/a><\/strong> s t\u00edm dob\u0159e spolupracuje. Jejich energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby se shoduj\u00ed s t\u00edm, co poskytuj\u00ed sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty.<\/p>

Jak je to s n\u00edzkorychlostn\u00edmi a u\u017eitkov\u00fdmi vozidly?<\/h3>

Komun\u00e1ln\u00ed vozy - nap\u0159\u00edklad popel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vozy, mal\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky, skladov\u00e9 vysokozdvi\u017en\u00e9 voz\u00edky a jednotky \u00fadr\u017eby - jezd\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den po stanoven\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch. Sodium-iontov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed chlad, vydr\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 000 cykl\u016f a nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chladit, co\u017e vozov\u00e9 parky t\u011b\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se t\u00edm sni\u017euje \u00fadr\u017eba.<\/p>

Mohou sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty pomoci hybridn\u00edm elektromobil\u016fm (HEV)?<\/h3>

Vozy HEV st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b benzinov\u00e9 motory, ale maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 baterie. Pro tyto mikro- a mild-hybridy se dob\u0159e hod\u00ed sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty. Rychle se nab\u00edj\u00ed, nep\u0159eh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed se snadno a poskytuj\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016fm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst bez skute\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu do v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>

V \u010dem je sod\u00edkovo-iontov\u00e1 baterie pro v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vozidla nedostate\u010dn\u00e1?<\/h3>

Energetick\u00e1 hustota sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed se pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 100-160 Wh\/kg. To nesta\u010d\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 elektromobily, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ujet v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 km nebo se rychle rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt. Tak\u017ee prozat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory kr\u00e1lem v luxusn\u00edch vozech a velk\u00fdch SUV. Pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak lid\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 spoj\u00ed oba syst\u00e9my do jednoho.<\/p>

Typy vozidel a nejlep\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed bateri\u00ed<\/h2>
Typ vozidla<\/th>Typick\u00fd dojezd (v m\u00edl\u00edch)<\/th>Typick\u00e1 rychlost (mph)<\/th>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed typ baterie<\/th>Pro\u010d se hod\u00ed<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
E-rik\u0161y a mikromobily<\/td>30-60<\/td>15-25<\/td>Sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty<\/td>St\u0159edn\u00ed rozsah, cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fd, dobr\u00fd v chladu<\/td><\/tr>
N\u00edzkorychlostn\u00ed vozy v sousedstv\u00ed<\/td>40-70<\/td>25-35<\/td>Sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty<\/td>P\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 trasy, trvanliv\u00e9, n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Hybridn\u00ed elektrick\u00e1 vozidla<\/td>300+ (dohromady)<\/td>60-90<\/td>Lithium-iontov\u00e9 + sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty<\/td>Bezpe\u010dnost + \u00faspora n\u00e1klad\u016f d\u00edky du\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm<\/td><\/tr>
Vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vozidla<\/td>250+<\/td>60+<\/td>Lithium-iontov\u00e9<\/td>Vysok\u00e1 pot\u0159eba energie a v\u00fdkonu<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Pro\u010d v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f zkoumaj\u00ed technologie sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f?<\/h2>

Pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na dostupnosti surovin?<\/h3>

Sod\u00edk se vyskytuje prakticky v\u0161ude - v mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vod\u011b i v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch. Nezp\u016fsobuje takov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my p\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b jako lithium a kobalt. D\u00edky tomu jsou dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce m\u00e9n\u011b rizikov\u00e9 a ceny stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>

Pro\u010d je tepeln\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<\/h3>

Tyto baterie se jen tak nevzn\u00edt\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, rychlej\u0161\u00ed schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b obav z po\u017e\u00e1ru. To se vozov\u00fdm park\u016fm l\u00edb\u00ed, proto\u017ee z\u00edskaj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed bateri\u00ed.<\/p>

Pro\u010d jsou n\u00e1klady na rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se trz\u00edch tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>

M\u00edsta jako ji\u017en\u00ed Asie, Afrika a Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vozidla, kter\u00e1 nestoj\u00ed majlant. Sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit ceny balen\u00ed a\u017e na 30%. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 elektromobil\u016fm konkurovat levn\u00fdm benz\u00ednov\u00fdm voz\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le v\u0161ude.<\/p>

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na hrub\u00e9 sod\u00edkovo-iontov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory NMC vs. LFP<\/h2>
Typ baterie<\/th>N\u00e1klady na suroviny vs. NMC<\/th>N\u00e1klady na balen\u00ed za kWh (USD)<\/th>Pot\u0159eby chlazen\u00ed<\/th>Typick\u00e1 \u017eivotnost cyklu (80% DoD)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Lithium-iontov\u00e9 (NMC)<\/td>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje<\/td>$100-130<\/td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>1500-2000 cykl\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
Lithium-iontov\u00e9 (LFP)<\/td>~10-20% ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>$70-100<\/td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>4000-6000 cykl\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
Sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty<\/td>20-40% spodn\u00ed<\/td>$80-120<\/td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>3000-4500 cykl\u016f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Kdy se sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie za\u010dnou masov\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu?<\/h2>

Kdy budou p\u0159ipraveny komer\u010dn\u00ed modely?<\/h3>

Spole\u010dnosti CATL a HiNa ji\u017e maj\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky pro automobily a cht\u011bj\u00ed je zav\u00e9st do roku 2025. Spole\u010dnost JAC Motors p\u0159edvedla automobil na b\u00e1zi sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f a pilotn\u00ed testy zah\u00e1jily tak\u00e9 v Indii a Evrop\u011b.<\/p>

Kdy by m\u011bli v\u00fdrobci za\u010d\u00edt s testov\u00e1n\u00edm?<\/h3>

Pokud se v\u00fdrobci OEM cht\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it na dod\u00e1vkov\u00e9 elektromobily nebo mikromobily, m\u011bli by za\u010d\u00edt testovat ji\u017e nyn\u00ed. Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed zkou\u0161ek v letech 2024 a\u017e 2026 jim umo\u017en\u00ed postupovat rychleji ne\u017e ostatn\u00edm ve stejn\u00e9 h\u0159e.<\/p>

Jak jsou na tom sod\u00edkov\u00e9 a lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie z technick\u00e9ho hlediska?<\/h2>

Jak\u00e1 je energetick\u00e1 hustota a v\u00fdkon?<\/h3>