{"id":3070,"date":"2024-08-16T06:02:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T06:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kmdpower.com\/?p=3070"},"modified":"2025-01-13T08:57:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:57:07","slug":"sodium-ion-battery-applications-and-advantages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kmdpower.com\/cs\/news\/sodium-ion-battery-applications-and-advantages\/","title":{"rendered":"Aplikace a v\u00fdhody sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie se sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie st\u00e1vaj\u00ed slibnou alternativou k tradi\u010dn\u00edm lithium-iontov\u00fdm a olov\u011bn\u00fdm bateri\u00edm. S nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm technologick\u00fdm pokrokem a rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou po udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Vynikaj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdkonem p\u0159i extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, p\u016fsobiv\u00fdmi rychlostn\u00edmi schopnostmi a vysok\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi standardy. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi aplikacemi sod\u00edko-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed a zkoum\u00e1, jak by mohly nahradit olov\u011bn\u00e9 baterie a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradit lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie ve specifick\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch - to v\u0161e p\u0159i nab\u00eddce n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kamada Power<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0je\u00a0\u010c\u00edna V\u00fdrobci sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed\u00a0Prodej sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a012V 100Ah sod\u00edkovo-iontov\u00e1 baterie<\/a><\/strong>,\u00a012V 200Ah sod\u00edkoiontov\u00e1 baterie<\/a><\/strong>, podpora\u00a0p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nanobaterie<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed (12V, 24V, 48V), kapacita (50Ah, 100Ah, 200Ah, 300Ah), funkce, vzhled atd.<\/p>\n

1.1 V\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody sod\u00edko-iontov\u00e9 baterie<\/strong><\/h2>\n

P\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lithium-\u017eelezo-fosf\u00e1tov\u00fdmi (LFP) a tern\u00e1rn\u00edmi lithiov\u00fdmi bateriemi vykazuj\u00ed sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie sm\u011bs siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zlep\u0161it. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee a\u017e se tyto baterie dostanou do masov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed d\u00edky v\u00fdhod\u00e1m v oblasti n\u00e1klad\u016f na suroviny, vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacity p\u0159i extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9mu rychlostn\u00edmu v\u00fdkonu. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161ak maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed energetickou hustotu a krat\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost cyklu, co\u017e jsou oblasti, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zdokonalen\u00ed. Navzdory t\u011bmto probl\u00e9m\u016fm sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed olov\u011bn\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory ve v\u0161ech ohledech a jsou p\u0159ipraveny je nahradit, jakmile se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdroba a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu sod\u00edkov\u00fdch, lithium-iontov\u00fdch a olov\u011bn\u00fdch bateri\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkce<\/th>\nSod\u00edko-iontov\u00e1 baterie<\/th>\nBaterie LFP<\/th>\nTern\u00e1rn\u00ed lithiov\u00e1 baterie<\/th>\nOlov\u011bn\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hustota energie<\/td>\n100-150 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n120-200 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n200-350 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n30-50 Wh\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus<\/td>\n2000+ cykl\u016f<\/td>\nV\u00edce ne\u017e 3000 cykl\u016f<\/td>\nV\u00edce ne\u017e 3000 cykl\u016f<\/td>\n300-500 cykl\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n2.8-3.5V<\/td>\n3-4.5V<\/td>\n3-4.5V<\/td>\n2.0V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\nSpravedliv\u00e9<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bezpe\u010dnost<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tolerance nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho vybit\u00ed<\/td>\nVybit\u00ed na 0V<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0160patn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1klady na suroviny (p\u0159i 200 tis\u00edc\u00edch CNY\/tunu pro uhli\u010ditan lithn\u00fd)<\/td>\n0,3 CNY\/Wh (po splatnosti)<\/td>\n0,46 CNY\/Wh<\/td>\n0,53 CNY\/Wh<\/td>\n0,40 CNY\/Wh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1.1.1 Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacity sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie p\u0159i extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sod\u00edkovo-iontov\u00e9 baterie jsou \u0161ampiony, pokud jde o extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teploty, a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b pracuj\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch od -40 \u00b0C do 80 \u00b0C. P\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch (55 \u00b0C a 80 \u00b0C) se vyb\u00edjej\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00edce ne\u017e 100% sv\u00e9 jmenovit\u00e9 kapacity a p\u0159i teplot\u011b -40 \u00b0C si st\u00e1le zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 70% sv\u00e9 jmenovit\u00e9 kapacity. Podporuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed p\u0159i -20 \u00b0C s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100%.<\/p>\n

Z hlediska v\u00fdkonu p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie LFP i olov\u011bn\u00e9 baterie. P\u0159i teplot\u011b -20 \u00b0C si sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90% sv\u00e9 kapacity, zat\u00edmco kapacita LFP bateri\u00ed kles\u00e1 na 70% a olov\u011bn\u00fdch bateri\u00ed na pouh\u00fdch 48%.<\/p>\n

Vyb\u00edjec\u00ed k\u0159ivky sod\u00edkov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed (vlevo), LFP bateri\u00ed (uprost\u0159ed) a olov\u011bn\u00fdch bateri\u00ed (vpravo) p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Vyb\u00edjec\u00ed<\/p>\n

1.1.2 V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 rychlost sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty se d\u00edky men\u0161\u00edmu Stokesovu pr\u016fm\u011bru a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed solvata\u010dn\u00ed energii v pol\u00e1rn\u00edch rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlech mohou pochlubit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vodivost\u00ed elektrolytu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ionty lithia. Stokes\u016fv pr\u016fm\u011br je m\u00edrou velikosti koule v kapalin\u011b, kter\u00e1 se usazuje stejnou rychlost\u00ed jako \u010d\u00e1stice; men\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br umo\u017e\u0148uje rychlej\u0161\u00ed pohyb iont\u016f. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed solvata\u010dn\u00ed energie znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty se mohou snadn\u011bji zbavovat molekul rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla na povrchu elektrody, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje dif\u00fazi iont\u016f a urychluje jejich kinetiku v elektrolytu.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed velikost\u00ed solvatovan\u00fdch iont\u016f a solvata\u010dn\u00edch energi\u00ed (KJ\/mol) sod\u00edku a lithia v r\u016fzn\u00fdch rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlech<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Tato vysok\u00e1 vodivost elektrolytu vede k p\u016fsobiv\u00e9mu rychlostn\u00edmu v\u00fdkonu. Sod\u00edkovo-iontov\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor lze nab\u00edt a\u017e 90% za pouh\u00fdch 12 minut - rychleji ne\u017e lithium-iontov\u00e9 i olov\u011bn\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m nab\u00edjen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ baterie<\/th>\nDoba nab\u00edjen\u00ed na kapacitu 80%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Sod\u00edko-iontov\u00e1 baterie<\/td>\n15 minut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tern\u00e1rn\u00ed lithium<\/td>\n30 minut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Baterie LFP<\/td>\n45 minut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Olov\u011bn\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor<\/td>\n300 minut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1.1.3 Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed vlastnosti sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k tepeln\u00e9mu vybit\u00ed za r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jako je mechanick\u00e9 zneu\u017eit\u00ed (nap\u0159. rozdrcen\u00ed, prora\u017een\u00ed), elektrick\u00e9 zneu\u017eit\u00ed (nap\u0159. zkraty, p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00ed, nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyb\u00edjen\u00ed) a tepeln\u00e9 zneu\u017eit\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed). Pokud vnit\u0159n\u00ed teplota dos\u00e1hne kritick\u00e9ho bodu, m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed reakce a zp\u016fsobit nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed, co\u017e vede k tepeln\u00e9mu vybit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Naproti tomu sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie nevykazuj\u00ed v bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch testech stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s tepeln\u00fdm vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm. Pro\u0161ly hodnocen\u00edm na p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00ed\/vyb\u00edjen\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zkraty, st\u00e1rnut\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a testy zneu\u017eit\u00ed, jako je drcen\u00ed, prora\u017een\u00ed a vystaven\u00ed ohni, ani\u017e by hrozilo riziko spojen\u00e9 s lithium-iontov\u00fdmi bateriemi.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdsledky<\/p>\n

2.2 N\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed potenci\u00e1l<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sod\u00edko-iontov\u00e9 baterie z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z hlediska n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 efektivity v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. V n\u011bkolika oblastech p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed olov\u011bn\u00e9 baterie, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed atraktivn\u00ed n\u00e1hradu na trz\u00edch, jako jsou mal\u00e9 nap\u00e1jec\u00ed syst\u00e9my pro dvoukolky, automobilov\u00e9 start-stop syst\u00e9my a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnov\u00e9 stanice. Se zlep\u0161en\u00edm cyklick\u00fdch parametr\u016f a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016f d\u00edky masov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b by sod\u00edkov\u00e9 baterie mohly tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradit baterie LFP v elektromobilech t\u0159\u00eddy A00 a ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

Aplikace sod\u00edkoiontov\u00e9 baterie<\/strong><\/p>\n